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The
Perils of Pauline
Adam Nayman on Nashville I
sat down to watch Robert Altman’s Nashville
nearly 12 years to the day that I was presented,
by my well-meaning mother, with a second-hand
copy of Reeling by Pauline Kael. The fact is that
her review of Nashville was the first selection
I read after searching out (and being somewhat
disappointed by) her take on Jaws. Jaws
was, and still is, my favorite movie ever. (Sorry,
Sans soleil. It was a photo finish.) For
Kael to devote perhaps five paragraphs to it seemed
miserly. Of course, at that time, I didn’t understand
that she was paying Jaws a mighty compliment
when she wrote that it “represented what Eisenstein
might have done if he hadn’t intellectualized
himself out of reach.” Did this actually mean
that this Eisenstein fellow had previously cornered
the market on movies about man-eating sharks before
losing his way? At 12 years old, I considered
myself movie-literate — I forced all my junior
high school friends to watch Dead Ringers,
which they declaimed as “boring,” and The Machurian
Candidate, which nobody ended up sitting through
— but Kael’s book was terrifically intimidating.
Not only was Jaws the only movie in there
that I was sure I’d actually seen, but it was
apparently only one-eighth as worthy of discussion
as this Nashville thing, the analysis which
took up something like six pages.
Most of my film critic friends don’t like Pauline
Kael, and I think I know why: she reviewed straight
from the gut. She based her observations on the
pleasure principle, and if a movie didn’t provide
pleasure (if it was, as she implied of Eisenstein’s
later work, “intellectualized”) her guard went
up. And then, it wasn’t such a far trip from wariness
(a good critical virtue) to flat-out hostility
(not so good). Re-reading her reviews of films
I admire very much, such as Barry Lyndon
or Don’t Look Now or Raging Bull
or Lone Star, is doubly frustrating. Obviously,
it’s frustrating because I believe, a lot of the
time, that she’s completely wrong. She rarely
cut films any slack for trying to “say something”
(thank God she didn’t live to see Dogville),
but it annoyed me that she sometimes refused to
see things for what they were: that the Olympian
sense of distance informing Barry Lyndon
was thematically apt rather than indicative of
an out-of-touch artist, or that the dire, head-against-a-stone-wall
unpleasantness of Raging Bull was precisely
and properly the source of its power.
But the hell of it is that a lot of the time —
more often than not, in fact — she’s astonishingly
lucid. Her championing of films like Philip Kaufman’s
Invasion of the Body Snatchers or Walter
Hill’s The Warriors — films I felt a strong,
overwhelming connection to in my childhood and
adolescence — makes perfect sense to me. And not
only do I feel she’s right to admire them, but
the manner in which she frames their virtues —
her observations about Donald Sutherland’s inspired
spookiness, or the way The Warriors functions
as “visual rock” — is itself a source of perfection.
Kael was a big Robert Altman fan, although not
without reservations — reviewing Brewster McCloud,
she opened by stating that given his established
pattern of following disasters with masterpieces,
she couldn’t wait for his next movie. There are
some Altman films I’ve viewed, or re-viewed, in
recent years that I like very much — M*A*S*H,
McCabe and Mrs. Miller, Short Cuts.
But I’ve never been properly enthusiastic about
his work, and when older colleagues get misty
eyed over Three Women or California
Split, I can’t relate and slink away. This
may be because other films I saw during my formative
film-going years, like John Sayles’s City of
Hope or P.T. Anderson’s Boogie Nights,
appropriated certain elements of Altman’s work,
so that by the time I returned to the source,
it seemed unimpressive. (An experiment in cultural
osmosis: try showing a younger cousin or relative
2001: A Space Odyssey. They’ve already
seen the greatest hits on The Simpsons
and will tell you so.)
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And, even though
I recognize now in my mid-twenties that City
of Hope is strident, well-intentioned pap,
and P.T. Anderson is every bit the smoke-and-mirrors
huckster his first two initials suggest, I had
a similarly muted reaction to Nashville.
Despite this assignment’s imperatives — watch
a film you’ve never watched, objectively — I just
couldn’t do it. It wasn’t because there was a
plethora of Nashville parodies — none come
to mind — but because I was so familiar with Kael’s
review that the film felt like little more than
a series of diagrams illustrating the points I
knew word for word. I was silently mouthing Kael’s
statement that Nashville was the “funniest
epic vision of America ever to reach the screen”
even as I popped the disc in my DVD player and
thus found said vision to be a largely unfulfilling
experience, even as it fulfilled every one of
my expectations.
I expected it to unfold across a broad canvas
of characters and yet possess a specificity of
milieu and a unity of theme: check. I expected
the dialogue to tumble sidelong in different directions
while I wished for 5.1 channels of sound in my
apartment: that happened, too. Mostly, I expected
to be underwhelmed by Altman’s typically schematized
stabs at sociology. And I was: Nashville
is a simplistic thesis statement (America is a
wobbly wonderland) in the guise of a loose-limbed
hangout movie. It’s obviously the loose-limbed
hangy-outness of the enterprise that appealed
to the voracious sensualist in Kael, but while
I can appreciate many of the performances (why
Ronee Blakely never did anything else worth a
damn is beyond me), I found Altman’s endless indulgence
of his actors and their various improvisations
more sloppy than revelatory.
My job affords me the happy opportunity to generate
glib philosophical exegesis about the phallic
connotations of Doom (in which the Rock
appears to be portaging his canoe-sized firearm):
engaging with first-run crap for fun and profit.
It’s expanding on narrowness, and it’s exhausting,
but the depth and breadth of Nashville
somehow didn’t constitute a come-on in contrast.
Instead, I felt boxed in by my own painstakingly
accrued critical frame of reference. Nothing is
more frustrating for a critic than the feeling
that what he has to say is ultimately superfluous:
I felt as if I was losing my nerve — as if I were
being cowed by the words of a critic who incites
my ire at least as frequently as she elicits my
admiration.
A couple of weeks after the fact, I still haven’t
reconciled my feelings about Kael (and I doubt
I ever will) but I’m pretty sure that my non-committal
response to Altman’s alleged masterpiece is the
correct one. It may seem miserly to react with
indifference towards a film suffused with such
obvious fervor, but for a film so packed with
dialogue and concerned with performance, media,
and message, Nashville is to my ears uncommunicative,
a pageant whose players, however vividly sketched,
are subordinate to its grand but ungainly design.
I prefer 1975’s other funny, epic vision of America:
the one about the brave and quirky Everymen who
must circumvent a corrupt, buck-passing local
despot before selflessly putting their lives on
the line to uphold the sanctity and safety of
their idyllic, pursuit-of-happiness community.
I speak, of course, of Jaws. How odd that
an assignment to write about a film I’d never
seen turns into a paean to the one movie I’ve
viewed more often than any other — and will doubtlessly
see repeatedly long before Nashville enters
my thoughts unsolicited again. |
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